Pruning Enhances Earlier Flowering in Hylocereus undatus (27 IHC 摘要發表一)

Pruning Enhances Earlier Flowering in Hylocereus undatus

Yi-Lu Jiang, Tzong-Shyan Lin , Chung-Ruey Yen



Responses of heading-back and thinning-out pruning on white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) were studied in the commercial orchard.


Shoots thinned-out in November or December resulted in earlier vegetative- bud sprouting and higher percentage of their transformation into flowering shoots from either current or non-current year shoots, although their initial flowering dates did not differ from the unthinned ones.

Current shoots were headed-back in June to 30, 60, 90, or 120 cm of length.


Those retained 120 cm of length had the earliest initial flowering and the highest percentage of transforming into flowering shoots.


Shoots were headed-back 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of their original length in February.


During the initial flowering period, the percentage of current or non-current shoots retained as vegetative increased whereas their transformation into flowering shoots decreased with increasing severity of pruning.


Current shoots with 10% of heading-back length had the earliest and the highest percentage of flower-bud formation.


Current shoots were headed-back 10% of their original length during January, February, March, and April and those pruned in January, February, and March showed earlier initial flowering and higher percentage of transforming into flowering shoots.


The results indicated that different types of pruning can be used for manipulating vegetative and reproductive growth of white pitaya.



韓國首爾舉辦第27屆國際園藝學年會


也是皮塔屋第一次參加國際型的會議

第一次踏上國際舞台 第一次感受到學術研究的魅力

研究過程中的孤獨與等待

就是在這一刻得以嶄露頭角


這條學術研究的漫漫長路 或許也蠻有意思的

The Formation of Flower Bud and Shoot in Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) Is Regulated by Photoperiod (摘要發表二)

The Formation of Flower Bud and Shoot in Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) Is Regulated by Photoperiod

Jiang, Y. L.; Lin, T. S.


Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) usually flowers from April to October but grows vegetatively from November to May in northern Taiwan.


We tried to adjust the reproductive and vegetative growth period of pitaya by changing the length of photoperiod during summer and fall.


When the photoperiod in the summer was reduced to 8 hr flowering is completely inhibited whereas the percentage of shoot flushing enhanced significantly.


When photoperiod is extended by 4-hr night break during the night from mid September 28 % of the treated shoots formed flower buds up to mid November but those control plants are terminated in flower-bud formation on Oct 1st.


Shoot sprouting began from November and higher percentage of sprouting occurred in the control plants than that in the treated ones up to the end of January, 2010.


The results indicated that photoperiod plays an important role in the regula­tion of vegetative and reproductive growth in pitaya.




皮塔屋參加第28屆國際園藝學年會所發表摘要

由此摘要衍生出最新所發表的文章

這一路還真是漫長

不過 皮塔屋完成紅龍果開花生理研究的關鍵因子

對於產期調節不穩定性的成因及其改善的方式有了一定程度的了解

也算對紅龍產業貢獻一己之心力

皮塔屋紅龍果研究團隊敬上



http://www.ihc2010.org/docs/t03.Book%20of%20Abstracts.pdf

The Photoperiod-regulated Bud Formation of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) (第二篇 SCI)

The Photoperiod-regulated Bud Formation of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus sp.)

HORTSCIENCE 47(8):1063–1067. 2012.

Yi-Lu Jiang, Yuan-Yi Liao, Tzong-Shyan Lin, Ching-Lung Lee, Chung-Ruey Yen and Wen-Ju Yang*

http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/47/8/1063?related-urls=yes&legid=hortsci;47/8/1063


Red pitaya (Hylocereus sp.), which flowers between May and October and sprouts between November and May in Taiwan, has been confirmed to be a long-day plant.


The areoles on the old shoots may be induced to flower after the March equinox naturally, and the floral bud formation occurs in two to three waves from May to October.


We conducted experiments on photoperiodic regulation of floral bud formation from June to Dec. 2009 and tested the feasibility of off-season production in 2011.

Shortening summer daylength to 8 h inhibited the areoles at the distal end of the shoots to develop into floral buds and promoted sprouting at the proximal ends of the shoots.




Night-breaking treatment between the September equinox and the winter solstice led to floral bud formation.


The critical daylength seemed to be ≈12 h, and night-breaking treatment would be applicable between the September and the next March equinoxes to produce off-season crops.


The duration of night-breaking required for flower differentiation was longer in the cooler than in the warmer season.


Four weeks of night-breaking treatment was sufficient to promote flowering in late fall (mid-October to mid-November), but 3 months were required to generate similar result in the winter and early spring (January to March) in southern Taiwan.






Additional index words.

day length, equinox, flower thinning, long-day plant, night-breaking

第二篇文章終於在楊老師的督促與大力協助下發表出刊了 ~>.<~

我的研究生生涯 剩下最後一個階段 這學期即將畫下美麗句點 :)

接踵而來的是更多實務及學術結合面的挑戰

面對多變的氣候條件及詭譎的市場波動

更需善用以往所學的知識作為實務應用上的基礎

期盼 在未來能在遙遠的TM開花結果............................

Phenology, Canopy Composition, and Fruit Quality of Yellow Pitaya in Tropical Taiwan (第一篇 SCI)

Phenology, Canopy Composition, and Fruit Quality of Yellow Pitaya in Tropical Taiwan

HORTSCIENCE 46(11):1497–1502. 2011.

Yi-Lu Jiang, Tzong-Shyan Lin, Ching-Lung Lee, Chung-Ruey Yen and Wen-Ju Yang*


(Yi-Lu in yellow pitaya orchard)

Abstract:

Yellow pitaya, Selenicereus megalanthus (Schum. ex. Vaupel) Moran, is a potential new fruit in Taiwan.

It sprouts mostly in winter and flowers in late spring and fall. In this study, an average of 60% shoots within canopies flowered.

Shoots sprouted in the current winter flowered in fall and produced winter fruits, and shoots sprouted earlier than the current winter flowered in late spring and produced summer fruits.

Floral buds on most shoots appeared at the distal end.




The weight, pulp percentage, and total soluble solids of winter fruits were significantly higher than those of summer fruits.

The number of black seeds was positively correlated with pulp weight (R2 = 0.87).

The total soluble solids in the core region of winter fruits reached 22.7 °Brix, higher than that in other regions.

Future efforts to improve yellow pitaya production in Taiwan include increasing winter fruit production by enhancing growth of the current year's new shoots through proper canopy management and increasing the size of summer fruit by artificial pollination, fruit thinning, and other means.





Additional index words.

climbing cactus, flower season, flowering shoot, shoot age, sprouting, Selenicereus megalanthus






皮塔屋在顏老師的引領下埋首踏入紅龍果的研究領域

但在接觸黃龍果後堅定了我的研究生涯

黃龍果是一個令我又愛又期待的果品

早年針對黃龍果開花物候習性研究


研究枝條年齡、長度跟開花結果的關係

研究果實種子數與果重的關係

探討緯度對黃龍果開花期的影響

這些資訊通通寫在這篇文章中 終於在楊老師的指導下 完成人生第一篇的科學文章

皮塔屋在此與大家分享這一份難得的喜悅 :D


PS:皮塔屋黃龍果專文請參考下面連結





黃龍果---栽培技術門檻高的夢幻黃龍品系http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/pitaya-house/article?mid=561&prev=1205&next=544&l=f&fid=11

黃龍果---魂牽夢縈的滋味 多刺惱人的外表(全世界最好吃的仙人掌果) http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/pitaya-house/article?mid=544&prev=561&next=487&l=f&fid=11

皮塔屋閱讀筆記---紅龍果甜菜紅素Pitaya Betalains(二)

大家所熟知的紅肉紅龍果多屬於"紫紅肉系列"

其實，早期台灣亦引進許多"深紅肉系列"的品系栽種，諸如中南美洲的品系

下圖所提供的是兩個紅肉系列果實的外觀差異



雖然，現在已經幾乎沒有人栽種深紅肉品系的紅龍果



但因其果肉顏色極深，深具加工的特性，未來其色素極有淺力開發成不同的加工產品







試想，我們若需要萃取色素，當然會選用目標色素含量高的品系

舉例來說，換算每100克紅龍果果肉中的總甜菜紅素含量約為28-39毫克，其中以H. costaricensis總含量最高，其顏色也最深。



問題來了，紅龍果的甜菜紅素，只有一種嗎?

造成，顏色深淺，僅單單是濃度上的差異嗎?

其實這些問題很好玩，皮塔屋整理了一些關於紅龍果物種間色素組成的差異，供大家參考 :

就文獻上來說，

深紅肉品系多屬H. costaricensis這一物種

紫紅肉品系多屬H. polyrhizus這一物種或其雜交種

當然現在已有許多這些物種間的雜交種了，但為求資料的正確性及簡單化，皮塔屋僅單就這兩個物種說明

科學研究顯示，紅肉紅龍果內含有幾大類的甜菜紅素，包括Betanin、Phyllocactin、Hylocerenin以及其iso-form，格友們不必太在意這些化學名稱，只要知道有這幾類即可，最新研究發現，還有一些極其特殊的色素存在紅龍果中。

重點來了，這些都是甜菜紅素，其中一大類"Hylocerenin"更是首次在紅龍果上發現，並以紅龍果屬名命名，我們姑且稱之為紅龍紫紅素(這不是正式名稱，僅便於說明)

紅龍紫紅素含量在紫紅肉的H. polyrhizus物種中最多，

那麼，深紅色果肉的紅龍果又含有甚麼色素呢?

分析結果H. costaricensis中phyllocactin的相對含量最高

寫到這邊，我想各位格友已經頭昏眼花了，這麼多奇怪的名詞，

雖然這些內容有點難，只要各位能夠記住，紅龍果含的是"甜菜紅素"而非花青素，

皮塔屋花時間去整理這些科學文獻也就值得了，到過皮塔屋請別再說錯紅龍果的色素了。